Colon Cancer
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, starts in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. It typically begins as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inside of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous.
Symptoms
Many people with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Blood in the stool
- Persistent abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas, or pain)
- Weakness or fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of colon cancer is not known, but several factors can increase the risk:
- Genetic mutations
- Family history of colon cancer
- Chronic inflammatory diseases of the colon
- High-fat, low-fiber diet
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use
- Advanced age
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Regular screening tests, especially for those over 45 or with a family history
- Healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Regular exercise
- Limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include:
- Surgery to remove cancerous polyps or sections of the colon
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy