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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. It is considered the most dangerous form of skin cancer because it can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.
Symptoms
The early signs of melanoma often include:
- A change in an existing mole
- The development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on the skin
- Asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, a diameter larger than 6mm, and evolving shape or size (known as the ABCDEs of melanoma)
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of melanoma isn’t fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk:
- Exposure to UV radiation: From sunlight or tanning beds
- Genetic factors: Family history of melanoma
- Fair skin: Less melanin means less protection from UV radiation
- Weakened immune system: Due to certain medical conditions or treatments
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Avoiding excessive sun exposure, especially during peak hours
- Wearing sunscreen year-round
- Using protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
- Avoiding tanning beds
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the stage of the melanoma and may include:
- Surgery: To remove the melanoma and some surrounding tissue
- Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to target cancer cells
- Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells
- Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to fight cancer
- Targeted therapy: Using drugs that target specific genetic changes in cancer cells
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. If you notice any changes in your skin, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional.